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Chapter 31

Translation and Transliteration ofΒ 

1The words of Lemuel, king of Massa, with which his mother admonished him:

אדִּבְר֡י ΧœΦ°ΧžΧ•ΦΌΧΦ΅Χœ מ֢ל֢ךְ ΧžΦ·Χ©Χ‚ΦΌΦΈΧ אֲ‍שׁ֢ר־יִבְּרַΧͺΦΌΧ•ΦΌ ΧΦ΄ΧžΦΌΧ•ΦΉΧƒ

2No, my son! No, O son of my womb! No, O son of my vows!

Χ‘ΧžΦ·Χ”ΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ™ Χ•ΦΌΧžΦ·Χ”ΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ·Χ¨ΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ΄Χ˜Φ°Χ Φ΄Χ™ Χ•ΦΌΧžΦΆΧ” Χ‘ΦΌΦ·Χ¨ΦΎΧ Φ°Χ“ΦΈΧ¨ΦΈΧ™Χƒ

3Do not give your strength to women, Your vigor, to those who destroy kings.

Χ’ΧΦ·ΧœΦΎΧͺΦΌΦ΄Χͺּ֡ן ΧœΦ·Χ ΦΌΦΈΧ©ΧΦ΄Χ™Χ Χ—Φ΅Χ™ΧœΦΆΧšΦΈ Χ•ΦΌΧ“Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ›ΦΆΧ™ΧšΦΈ ΧœΦ·ΧžΦ°Χ—Χ•ΦΉΧͺ ΧžΦ°ΧœΦΈΧ›Φ΄Χ™ΧŸΧƒ

4Wine is not for kings, O Lemuel; Not for kings to drink, Nor any strong drink for princes,

Χ“ΧΦ·Χœ ΧœΦ·ΧžΦ°ΧœΦΈΧ›Φ΄Χ™Χ ΧœΦ°ΧžΧ•ΦΉΧΦ΅Χœ אַל ΧœΦ·ΧžΦ°ΧœΦΈΧ›Φ΄Χ™Χ שְׁΧͺΧ•ΦΉΦΎΧ™ΦΈΧ™Φ΄ΧŸ Χ•ΦΌΧœΦ°Χ¨Χ•ΦΉΧ–Φ°Χ Φ΄Χ™Χ או [א֡י] שׁ֡כָר׃

5Lest they drink and forget what has been ordained, And infringe on the rights of the poor.

Χ”Χ€ΦΌΦΆΧŸΦΎΧ™Φ΄Χ©ΧΦ°ΧͺΦΌΦΆΧ” וְיִשְׁכַּח ΧžΦ°Χ—Φ»Χ§ΦΌΦΈΧ§ וִישַׁנּ֢ה Χ“ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ΧŸ Χ›ΦΌΦΈΧœΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΅Χ™ΦΎΧ’ΦΉΧ Φ΄Χ™Χƒ

6Give strong drink to the hapless And wine to the embittered.

Χ•Χͺְּנוּ־שׁ֡כָר ΧœΦ°ΧΧ•ΦΉΧ‘Φ΅Χ“ Χ•Φ°Χ™Φ·Χ™Φ΄ΧŸ ΧœΦ°ΧžΦΈΧ¨Φ΅Χ™ נָ׀֢שׁ׃

7Let them drink and forget their poverty, And put their troubles out of mind.

זיִשְׁΧͺΦΌΦΆΧ” וְיִשְׁכַּח רִישׁוֹ Χ•Φ·Χ’Φ²ΧžΦΈΧœΧ•ΦΉ לֹא Χ™Φ΄Χ–Φ°Χ›ΦΌΦΈΧ¨ΦΎΧ’Χ•ΦΉΧ“Χƒ

8Speak up for the dumb, For the rights of all the unfortunate.

Χ—Χ€ΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦ·Χ—ΦΎΧ€ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ΧšΦΈ לְאִלּ֡ם ΧΦΆΧœΦΎΧ“ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ΧŸ Χ›ΦΌΦΈΧœΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΅Χ™ Χ—Φ²ΧœΧ•ΦΉΧ£Χƒ

9Speak up, judge righteously, Champion the poor and the needy.

ט׀ְּΧͺΦ·Χ—ΦΎΧ€ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ΧšΦΈ Χ©ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΧ˜ΦΎΧ¦ΦΆΧ“ΦΆΧ§ Χ•Φ°Χ“Φ΄Χ™ΧŸ Χ’ΦΈΧ Φ΄Χ™ Χ•Φ°ΧΦΆΧ‘Φ°Χ™Χ•ΦΉΧŸΧƒ

10What a rare find is a capable wife! Her worth is far beyond that of rubies.

AY-shet KHA-yil MEE yim-TZA v'-ra-KHOK mi-p'-nee-NEEM mikh-RAH

יא֡שׁ֢ΧͺΦΎΧ—Φ·Χ™Φ΄Χœ ΧžΦ΄Χ™ Χ™Φ΄ΧžΦ°Χ¦ΦΈΧ Χ•Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ—ΦΉΧ§ ΧžΦ΄Χ€ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΄Χ™Χ Φ΄Χ™Χ ΧžΦ΄Χ›Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

Β 31:10Β Β  A capable wife

This chapter contains an extended poem in praise of the eishet chayil, translated here as β€˜capable wife,’ but generally referred to as the β€˜woman of valor’ (verses 10-31). She provides for her family in all ways, both materially and spiritually, and her endeavors and accomplishments are praised by the members of her household and by others. This poem is sung by Jews around the world on Friday nights, as they begin the first Shabbat meal. It is often understood as a praise for the Jewish woman who works hard to care for her family and for others, and to prepare for the Shabbat each week. On a more mystical plane, it has been said in the name of the sixteenth century Kabbalist Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, who is known by the acronym Arizal, that β€œthe Land of Israel is the earthly manifestation of the woman of valor.” When the Children of Israel follow Hashem faithfully in this unique land, they are provided for, both materially and spiritually. And, the beauty and charm of Eretz Yisrael are recognized and praised by all, Jews and non-Jews alike.

11Her husband puts his confidence in her, And lacks no good thing.

Χ™ΧΧ‘ΦΌΦΈΧ˜Φ·Χ— Χ‘ΦΌΦΈΧ”ΦΌ ΧœΦ΅Χ‘ Χ‘ΦΌΦ·Χ’Φ°ΧœΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ•Φ°Χ©ΧΦΈΧœΦΈΧœ לֹא Χ™ΦΆΧ—Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧ¨Χƒ

12She is good to him, never bad, All the days of her life.

Χ™Χ‘Χ’ΦΌΦ°ΧžΦΈΧœΦ·ΧͺΦ°Χ”Χ•ΦΌ Χ˜Χ•ΦΉΧ‘ Χ•Φ°ΧœΦΉΧΦΎΧ¨ΦΈΧ’ Χ›ΦΌΦΉΧœ Χ™Φ°ΧžΦ΅Χ™ Χ—Φ·Χ™ΦΌΦΆΧ™Χ”Χƒ

13She looks for wool and flax, And sets her hand to them with a will.

יגדָּרְשָׁה צ֢מ֢ר וּ׀ִשְׁΧͺִּים Χ•Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ·Χ’Φ·Χ©Χ‚ Χ‘ΦΌΦ°Χ—Φ΅Χ€ΦΆΧ₯ Χ›ΦΌΦ·Χ€ΦΌΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈΧƒ

14She is like a merchant fleet, Bringing her food from afar.

Χ™Χ“Χ”ΦΈΧ™Φ°ΧͺΦΈΧ” כָּאֳנִיּוֹΧͺ Χ‘Χ•ΦΉΧ—Φ΅Χ¨ ΧžΦ΄ΧžΦΌΦΆΧ¨Φ°Χ—ΦΈΧ§ Χͺָּבִיא ΧœΦ·Χ—Φ°ΧžΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

15She rises while it is still night, And supplies provisions for her household, The daily fare of her maids.

Χ˜Χ•Χ•Φ·Χͺָּקָם Χ‘ΦΌΦ°Χ’Χ•ΦΉΧ“ ΧœΦ·Χ™Φ°ΧœΦΈΧ” Χ•Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ΄Χͺּ֡ן ט֢ר֢ף ΧœΦ°Χ‘Φ΅Χ™ΧͺΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ•Φ°Χ—ΦΉΧ§ לְנַגֲרֹΧͺΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈΧƒ

16She sets her mind on an estate and acquires it; She plants a vineyard by her own labors.

Χ˜Χ–Χ–ΦΈΧžΦ°ΧžΦΈΧ” Χ©Χ‚ΦΈΧ“ΦΆΧ” Χ•Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ΄Χ§ΦΌΦΈΧ—Φ΅Χ”Χ•ΦΌ ΧžΦ΄Χ€ΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ™ Χ›Φ·Χ€ΦΌΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ נטג [Χ ΦΈΧ˜Φ°Χ’ΦΈΧ”] כָּר֢ם׃

17She girds herself with strength, And performs her tasks with vigor.

Χ™Χ–Χ—ΦΈΧ’Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ” Χ‘Φ°Χ’Χ•ΦΉΧ– מָΧͺΦ°Χ ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ Χ•Φ·Χͺְּאַמּ֡Χ₯ Χ–Φ°Χ¨ΦΉΧ’Χ•ΦΉΧͺΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈΧƒ

18She sees that her business thrives; Her lamp never goes out at night.

Χ™Χ—Χ˜ΦΈΧ’Φ²ΧžΦΈΧ” Χ›ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ΦΎΧ˜Χ•ΦΉΧ‘ Χ‘Φ·Χ—Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ”ΦΌ ΧœΦΉΧΦΎΧ™Φ΄Χ›Φ°Χ‘ΦΌΦΆΧ” Χ‘ΧœΧ™Χœ [Χ‘Φ·ΧœΦΌΦ·Χ™Φ°ΧœΦΈΧ”] Χ Φ΅Χ¨ΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

19She sets her hand to the distaff; Her fingers work the spindle.

Χ™Χ˜Χ™ΦΈΧ“ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧœΦΌΦ°Χ—ΦΈΧ” בַכִּישׁוֹר Χ•Φ°Χ›Φ·Χ€ΦΌΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ ΧͺΦΌΦΈΧžΦ°Χ›Χ•ΦΌ Χ€ΦΈΧœΦΆΧšΦ°Χƒ

20She gives generously to the poor; Her hands are stretched out to the needy.

Χ›Χ›ΦΌΦ·Χ€ΦΌΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ€ΦΌΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ©Χ‚ΦΈΧ” ΧœΦΆΧ’ΦΈΧ Φ΄Χ™ Χ•Φ°Χ™ΦΈΧ“ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧœΦΌΦ°Χ—ΦΈΧ” ΧœΦΈΧΦΆΧ‘Φ°Χ™Χ•ΦΉΧŸΧƒ

21She is not worried for her household because of snow, For her whole household is dressed in crimson.

Χ›ΧΧœΦΉΧΦΎΧͺִירָא ΧœΦ°Χ‘Φ΅Χ™ΧͺΦΈΧ”ΦΌ ΧžΦ΄Χ©ΧΦΌΦΈΧœΦΆΧ’ Χ›ΦΌΦ΄Χ™ Χ›ΦΈΧœΦΎΧ‘ΦΌΦ΅Χ™ΧͺΦΈΧ”ΦΌ ΧœΦΈΧ‘Φ»Χ©Χ שָׁנִים׃

22She makes covers for herself; Her clothing is linen and purple.

Χ›Χ‘ΧžΦ·Χ¨Φ°Χ‘Φ·Χ“ΦΌΦ΄Χ™Χ Χ’ΦΈΧ©Χ‚Φ°ΧͺΦΈΧ”ΦΎΧœΦΌΦΈΧ”ΦΌ שׁ֡שׁ Χ•Φ°ΧΦ·Χ¨Φ°Χ’ΦΌΦΈΧžΦΈΧŸ ΧœΦ°Χ‘Χ•ΦΌΧ©ΧΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

23Her husband is prominent in the gates, As he sits among the elders of the land.

Χ›Χ’Χ Χ•ΦΉΧ“ΦΈΧ’ בַּשְּׁגָרִים Χ‘ΦΌΦ·Χ’Φ°ΧœΦΈΧ”ΦΌ בְּשִׁבְΧͺΦΌΧ•ΦΉ גִם־זִקְנ֡י־אָר֢Χ₯Χƒ

24She makes cloth and sells it, And offers a girdle to the merchant.

Χ›Χ“Χ‘ΦΈΧ“Φ΄Χ™ΧŸ Χ’ΦΈΧ©Χ‚Φ°ΧͺΦΈΧ” Χ•Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ΄ΧžΦ°Χ›ΦΌΦΉΧ¨ Χ•Φ·Χ—Φ²Χ’Χ•ΦΉΧ¨ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ” ΧœΦ·Χ›ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ·Χ’Φ²Χ Φ΄Χ™Χƒ

25She is clothed with strength and splendor; She looks to the future cheerfully.

Χ›Χ”Χ’ΦΉΧ–ΦΎΧ•Φ°Χ”ΦΈΧ“ΦΈΧ¨ ΧœΦ°Χ‘Χ•ΦΌΧ©ΧΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ•Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ΄Χ©Χ‚Φ°Χ—Φ·Χ§ ΧœΦ°Χ™Χ•ΦΉΧ ΧΦ·Χ—Φ²Χ¨Χ•ΦΉΧŸΧƒ

26Her mouth is full of wisdom, Her tongue with kindly teaching.

Χ›Χ•Χ€ΦΌΦ΄Χ™Χ”ΦΈ Χ€ΦΌΦΈΧͺΦ°Χ—ΦΈΧ” Χ‘Φ°Χ—ΦΈΧ›Φ°ΧžΦΈΧ” Χ•Φ°ΧͺΧ•ΦΉΧ¨Φ·ΧͺΦΎΧ—ΦΆΧ‘ΦΆΧ“ Χ’Φ·ΧœΦΎΧœΦ°Χ©ΧΧ•ΦΉΧ ΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

27She oversees the activities of her household And never eats the bread of idleness.

Χ›Χ–Χ¦Χ•ΦΉΧ€Φ΄Χ™ΦΌΦΈΧ” Χ”Φ²ΧœΦ΄Χ™Χ›Χ•ΦΉΧͺ Χ‘ΦΌΦ΅Χ™ΧͺΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ•Φ°ΧœΦΆΧ—ΦΆΧ Χ’Φ·Χ¦Φ°ΧœΧ•ΦΌΧͺ לֹא ΧͺΦΉΧΧ›Φ΅ΧœΧƒ

28Her children declare her happy; Her husband praises her,

Χ›Χ—Χ§ΦΈΧžΧ•ΦΌ Χ‘ΦΈΧ ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ וַיְאַשְּׁרוּהָ Χ‘ΦΌΦ·Χ’Φ°ΧœΦΈΧ”ΦΌ Χ•Φ·Χ™Φ°Χ”Φ·ΧœΦ°ΧœΦΈΧ”ΦΌΧƒ

29β€œMany women have done well, But you surpass them all.”

Χ›Χ˜Χ¨Φ·Χ‘ΦΌΧ•ΦΉΧͺ Χ‘ΦΌΦΈΧ Χ•ΦΉΧͺ Χ’ΦΈΧ©Χ‚Χ•ΦΌ Χ—ΦΈΧ™Φ΄Χœ וְאַΧͺΦΌΦ° Χ’ΦΈΧœΦ΄Χ™Χͺ Χ’Φ·ΧœΦΎΧ›ΦΌΦ»ΧœΦΌΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ”Χƒ

30Grace is deceptive, Beauty is illusory; It is for her fear of Hashem That a woman is to be praised.

לשׁ֢ק֢ר Χ”Φ·Χ—Φ΅ΧŸ Χ•Φ°Χ”ΦΆΧ‘ΦΆΧœ Χ”Φ·Χ™ΦΌΦΉΧ€Φ΄Χ™ אִשָּׁה יִרְאַΧͺΦΎΧ™Φ°Χ”ΦΉΧ•ΦΈΧ” הִיא ΧͺΦ΄ΧͺΦ°Χ”Φ·ΧœΦΌΦΈΧœΧƒ

31Extol her for the fruit of her hand, And let her works praise her in the gates.

לאΧͺΦΌΦ°Χ Χ•ΦΌΦΎΧœΦΈΧ”ΦΌ ΧžΦ΄Χ€ΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ™ Χ™ΦΈΧ“ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈ Χ•Φ΄Χ™Χ”Φ·ΧœΦ°ΧœΧ•ΦΌΧ”ΦΈ בַשְּׁגָרִים ΧžΦ·Χ’Φ²Χ©Χ‚ΦΆΧ™Χ”ΦΈΧƒ